Holocaust Memorial Education Center
Shimon and Sara Birnbaum Jewish Community Center
BY THE NUMBERS: THE HOLOCAUST
Jewish Victims of the Holocaust*
|
Country |
Minimum Loss |
Maximum Loss |
% of Jewish Population |
|
Austria |
50,000 |
50,000 |
27% |
|
Belgium |
28,900 |
28,900 |
44% |
|
Bohemia and Moravia |
78,150 |
78,150 |
66% |
|
Bulgaria |
0 |
0 |
0% |
|
Denmark |
60 |
60 |
0.7% |
|
Estonia |
1,500 |
2,000 |
44% |
|
Finland |
7 |
7 |
0.3% |
|
France |
77,320 |
77,320 |
22% |
|
Germany |
134,500 |
141,500 |
25% |
|
Greece |
60,000 |
67,000 |
86% |
|
Hungary |
550,000 |
569,000 |
69% |
|
Italy |
7,680 |
7,680 |
17% |
|
Latvia |
70,000 |
71,500 |
78% |
|
Lithuania |
140,000 |
143,000 |
85% |
|
Luxembourg |
1,950 |
1,950 |
56% |
|
Netherlands |
100,000 |
100,000 |
71% |
|
Norway |
762 |
762 |
45% |
|
Poland |
2,900,000 |
3,000,000 |
90% |
|
Romania |
271,000 |
287,000 |
47% |
|
Slovakia |
68,000 |
71,000 |
80% |
|
Soviet Union |
1,000,000 |
1,100,000 |
36% |
|
Yugoslavia |
56,200 |
63,300 |
81% |
*As many as five million non-Jews—people seen as enemies of the Third Reich—were also killed in the Holocaust, including Communists, Roma, Serbs, Polish intelligentsia, political opponents, resistance fighters, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and the physically and mentally disabled.
Definitions
-
Concentration Camps: Facilities established by the Nazis where civilians (mostly Jews), political prisoners, and sometimes prisoners of war were confined, typically under harsh conditions. The concentration camp system was organized and run by the SS, under the leadership of Heinrich Himmler. Most concentration camps functioned as slave labor camps, where the inmates were forced to work to support the Nazi war effort.
-
Extermination Camps: Facilities established for the large-scale, industrial murder mostly of European Jews. All of the Nazi’s extermination camps were located in Poland.
-
Nacht und Nebel Camps: The Nazis’ Nacht und Nebel (Night and Fog) campaign resulted in the kidnapping and disappearance of political enemies of the state. These prisoners were not allowed any contact with family, so no one would ever know what happened to them.
-
Transit Camps: Facilities where prisoners were gathered and detained prior to being deported to concentration camps or extermination camps.
Extermination Camps
|
Name |
Country |
Number of Deaths |
|
Auschwitz-Birkenau |
Poland |
Over 1,000,000 |
|
Belzec |
Poland |
435,000 |
|
Chelmno |
Poland |
150,000 |
|
Majdanek |
Poland |
78,000 |
|
Sobibor |
Poland |
200,000 |
|
Treblinka |
Poland |
870,000 |
Major Concentration Camps
|
Name |
Country |
Description |
|
Dachau |
Germany |
Labor Camp—200,000 held; 32,000 deaths; the first German concentration camp, established in 1933, soon after Hitler’s rise to power |
|
Buchenwald |
Germany |
Labor Camp—250,000 held; 56,000 deaths; the largest concentration camp in Germany |
|
Mauthausen |
Austria |
Labor Camp—195,000 held; 95,000 deaths; included more than 50 sub-camps |
|
Bergen-Belsen |
Germany |
Collection Point—70,000 deaths |
|
Flossenberg |
Germany |
Labor Camp—100,000 held; 30,000 deaths |
|
Dora-Mittelbau |
Germany |
Labor Camp—60,000 held; 20,000 deaths; provided slave labor for German V-2 rocket production |
|
Gross-Rosen |
Germany (Poland today) |
Labor Camp and Nacht und Nebel Camp—125,000 held; 40,000 deaths; included up to 60 sub-camps |
|
Ravensbrueck |
Germany |
Labor Camp for Women—150,000 held; 90,000 deaths |
|
Westerbork |
Netherlands |
Transit Camp—102,000 Dutch Jews deported to extermination camps |
|
Sachsenhausen |
Germany |
Labor Camp—200,000 held; 100,000 deaths |
|
Plaszow |
Poland |
Labor Camp—150,000 held; 9,000 deaths; it was from here that German industrialist Oscar Schindler saved 1,200 Jews |
|
Drancy |
France |
Transit camp—70,000 French Jews deported to extermination camps |
|
Theresienstadt |
Germany (Czech Republic today) |
Transit Camp and Ghetto—140,000 held; 35,000 deaths |
|
Stutthof |
Poland |
Labor Camp—110,000 held; 65,000 deaths; first concentration camp built by Germans outside Germany |
|
Neuengamme |
Germany |
Labor Camp—106,000 held; 43,000 deaths |
|
Natzweiler-Struthof |
France |
Labor Camp; Nacht und Nebel Camp—40,000 held; 25,000 deaths; the only German-built concentration camp in France (Vichy France controlled others) |
|
Jasenovac |
Yugoslavia (Croatia today) |
Concentration and Extermination Camp—100,000 held; 100,000 deaths |
